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Effect of Post Treatment with Brine and Steam on Phenotypic Resistant Salmonella Isolates from Pentaclethra macrophylla
Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere,
Obodo Nnedinso Lilian
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
12-20
Received:
22 September 2021
Accepted:
15 January 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Food contaminated with antibiotic resistant bacteria pathogens is a major threat to public health. Apart from infecting man they serve as reservoirs of genes for antimicrobial resistance and they easily transfer the resistant genes to both related and unrelated bacterial species; hence the aim of the present study. The prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity pattern and plasmid profile of Salmonella spp isolates from ready-to-eat ugba (Pentaclethra macrophylla) samples vended in various markets in Enugu State, Nigeria was investigated. The samples were further examined to determine the effect of post treatment with brine and steam respectively. A total of 40ugba (P. macrophylla) samples were obtained from different food vendors in the selected markets in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria. Cultures were done on Salmonella-shigella agar and characterized by standard microbiological methods. Post treatment with brine involved rinsing 5g of P. macrophyla samples in three changes of brine solution while post treatment using steam was done by boiling5g of P. macrophyla samples for 10 mins to an internal temperature of 30°C, 60°C, 75°C and 90°C and subsequently cultured on Salmonella-Shigella agar by pour plate method. Antibiogram of the isolates were determined by using disc diffusion method and plasmid DNA was extracted using plasmid alkaline lysis method and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Salmonella spp. was recorded at high prevalence of 95%. The isolates showed varied resistance to different antibiotics; amoxicillin (50%), augmentin (100%), streptomycin (61%), septin (95%), gentamycin (45%) and chloramphenicol (68%). Multiple antibiotic resistant was observed in 26% of the isolates. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that all the ten selected isolates had single plasmid bands of 20kb size. The results revealed relative similarities between the Salmonella isolates but possibility of five clones among the Salmonella isolates. At p<0.05 steam reduced the microbial load of isolates in P. macrophyla than in brine. The results from this study show that Salmonella spp. contamination of P. macrophyla was high in the study area and isolates were multidrug resistant; therefore food handlers should be properly educated and monitored to ensure compliance to proper food hygiene guidelines and P. macrophyla should be steamed prior to consumption to reduce the rate of infection.
Abstract: Food contaminated with antibiotic resistant bacteria pathogens is a major threat to public health. Apart from infecting man they serve as reservoirs of genes for antimicrobial resistance and they easily transfer the resistant genes to both related and unrelated bacterial species; hence the aim of the present study. The prevalence, antibiotic sensit...
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Results of Arthroscopic Remplissage with Bankart Repair for the Management of Glenohumeral Instability with Hill-Sachs Bone Defect
Abdelsamie Mohammed Halawa,
Mohammed Aboalata
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
21-27
Received:
21 January 2022
Accepted:
28 February 2022
Published:
15 March 2022
Abstract: Glenohumeral joint instability is one of the commonest disorders of the shoulder as it has a great range of motion on the expense of stability as refered to the bony configuration of the joint. Instability may be traumatic or atraumatic and uni-directional or multidirectional with wide range of patient complaints from mild pain in micro-instability to obvious dislocation. The most commonly used arthroscopic procedure include filling the humeral head defect by capsulo-tenodesis of the infraspinatus tendon and posterior capsule (Remplissage). The aim of this study was to present our results of Bankart repair and Reimplissage in management of recurrent shoulder instability with Hill-Sachs lesions. 20 young, middle age and fit patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with combined Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion. All Hill-Sachs lesions were large or engaging (Calandra grade 3 at time of arthroscopy) and all were managed by arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with Remplissage. When compared to pre-operative ROM, a statistically significant difference was found in the mean increase of anterior elevation by 2°, external rotation (ER) side by 4◦ and 5° for ER at 90° abduction at final follow-up (p value < 0.001). There were statistically significant difference in the mean decrease of 5° and 10° in ER side and ER at 90° abduction respectively at final follow-up compared to normal side ROM (p value < 0.001), also significant decrease in anterior elevation by 4° and IR at 90° abduction by 2° (p value < 0.001) which were not comparable to other studies but was clinically insignificant. The mean final Rowe and SST scores were 85 and 11.35 respectively indicating a statistically significant difference in mean increase of both the total Rowe and total SST percentage score when compared to pre-operative scores (p value < 0.001). All patients were followed prospectively for a minimum of 12 months. Conclusion: arthroscopic Bankart repair and remplissage is an effective means of managing shoulder instability in patients with large Hill-Sachs lesions and no significant glenoid bony defect.
Abstract: Glenohumeral joint instability is one of the commonest disorders of the shoulder as it has a great range of motion on the expense of stability as refered to the bony configuration of the joint. Instability may be traumatic or atraumatic and uni-directional or multidirectional with wide range of patient complaints from mild pain in micro-instability...
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Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Selected Edible Herbs Against Genital Mycoplasmas Among University Students in Enugu State, Nigeria
Mbah-Omeje Kelechi,
Ugwu Celestina Chibuzor
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
28-35
Received:
23 February 2022
Accepted:
15 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: The prevalence rates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Spp and the evaluation of edible herbs against genital mycoplasmas were determined among university students in Enugu state, Nigeria. Specimens from 2400 subjects comprising of 1200 male and female subjects were tested for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Spp. Cultures were done on Mycoplasma agar, A7agar and urea-arginine LYO2 broth. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Mycoplasma IST2 kit. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods to reveal the presence of basic phytochemicals. Rizomes of Curcuma longa, garlic and ginger, cloves and seeds of Garcina kola were extracted with water, methanol and ethanol sequentially and reconstituted with dimethyl -sulfoxide to concentrations (mg/ml) of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.56. Mycoplasma isolates were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using agar well diffusion and broth diffusion methods. Mycoplasma hominis occurred more in women at (81.6%) while Ureaplasma Spp occurred more in men at (88%). Mycoplasma hominis (98%) and Ureaplasma Spp (91.6%) showed high sensitivityto ciprofloxacin. The test plants all showed presence of alkaloids, tannis, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and cardiac glycosides. At 200mg/ml Garcina kola and Curcurma longa showed higher zones of inhibition at 35mm on Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma Spp. Syngestic activities of ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa and garlic showed high zones of inhibition at 45mm on Mycoplasma hominis while at 200mg/ml Garcina kola and cloves showed zones of inhibition at 45mm on ureaplasma spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of the syngestic plants were 1.56mg/ml on all the isolates. The Results from the study showed that there is high prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis in women while Ureaplasma Spp while Ureaplasma Spp occurred more in men in the study area. The synergistic activities of selected edible plants showed higher efficacy on resistant isolates and suggest its use in the treatment of genital Mycoplasmas.
Abstract: The prevalence rates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Spp and the evaluation of edible herbs against genital mycoplasmas were determined among university students in Enugu state, Nigeria. Specimens from 2400 subjects comprising of 1200 male and female subjects were tested for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Spp. Cultures were done on Mycoplas...
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Epidemiological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections Observed at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui, Central African Republic
Alain Farra,
Sylvanus Mogalama,
Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde,
Gilles Ngaya,
Jean Robert Mbecko,
Hugues Sanke-Waïgana,
Alexandre Manirakiza
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
36-41
Received:
20 February 2022
Accepted:
11 March 2022
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: The urinary tract is the second most common site of bacterial infection after the respiratory tract. Enterobacteria remain the first cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), followed by staphylococci and non-fermenter bacteria. Furthermore, bacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) have become more frequent, exposing African patients to therapeutic dead ends. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of UTIs diagnosed at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui (IPB), Central African Republic (CAR), a research center that carries out antibiotic sensitivity testing according to international standards. For that, the collected demographic, clinical and biological data come from patients calling at the IPB for a urinalysis and who gave their consent for their data to be included and analyzed in this six-month cross-sectional study (January-June 2019). A total of 412 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 35.2 years [1-80], females made up 55.8% of the study population and the sex ratio was 0.79:1 (M: F). Overall, 117 UTIs were detected, giving a prevalence rate of 28.4%. Of the bacterial isolates, 89.8% (105/117) were enterobacteria, of which 52.4% (55/105) were ESBL-producers. Escherichia coli accounted for more than half of the isolates 55.5% (65/117) and the ESBL-producers 58.2% (32/55). The 0–15-year age group showed the highest incidence of UTIs, but this rate was not significantly different from the other age groups (P = 0.665). Antecedent UTI was not a significant factor in the observed infections. However, female gender, fever, painful urination, acquisition in a healthcare setting and samples collected outside the laboratory were all significantly associated with UTI cases (P<0.005). The high proportion of ESBL-producing bacteria found during this study poses a real potential threat for public health in the CAR. Controlling antibiotic use should thus be a priority for the Ministry of Health.
Abstract: The urinary tract is the second most common site of bacterial infection after the respiratory tract. Enterobacteria remain the first cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), followed by staphylococci and non-fermenter bacteria. Furthermore, bacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) have become more frequent, exposing African pati...
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Sezary Syndrome: A Clinico-biological Study of 5 Cases
Rania Rada,
Hajar Saffour,
Mahjouba Baiya,
Hicham Yahyaoui,
Mustapha Ait Ameur,
Mohamed Chakour
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
42-44
Received:
12 March 2022
Accepted:
9 April 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: Background: Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare erythrodermic and leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that belongs to the group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) resulting from malignant proliferation of skin-homing T cells. We report through a series of 5 cases, the experience of the hematology laboratory in the diagnosis of the syndrome of Sézary. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 5 cases of Sezary syndrome collected in the dermatology department of Marrakech. Results: five patients were identified with the clinicopathological criteria of SS. At the time of diagnosis, all 5 patients had erythroderma and generalized lymphadenopathy in both superficial and deep stations. The white blood cell count was elevated (>10,000 WBC/mm3) in all 5 patients with a mean value of 18,120 WBC/mm3. The blood smear showed the presence of 75% (27 G/l) of small to medium-sized cells with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio and cerebriform nuclei typical of Sezary cells and suggests the diagnosis of SS. Conclusions: The diagnosis of SS remains a challenge in many situations, the pathophysiology and definition of SS have evolved significantly over the past decades.
Abstract: Background: Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare erythrodermic and leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that belongs to the group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) resulting from malignant proliferation of skin-homing T cells. We report through a series of 5 cases, the experience of the hematology laboratory in the diagnosis of the syndrom...
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Effect of Soforaflavonozide and Narcissine Flavonoids on ATP-dependent Potassium Channels of Rat Cardiac Mitochondria in the Ischemia Model
Mirzaolimov Elmurod Ismoilovich,
Pozilov Mamurjon Komiljonovich,
Abduqaxarov Abdugaffor Soyibjon O’g’li,
Tursunov Davronbek Rahmonjon O’g’li,
Afzalova Sayyora Abdulahadovna,
Nishanbaev Sabir Zaripbaevich
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
45-48
Received:
25 March 2022
Accepted:
11 April 2022
Published:
22 April 2022
Abstract: In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments, it was studied soforaflavonozide (SFL) isolated from Alhagi canescens (Regel) B. Keller & Shap (Fabaceae (Leguminosae)), and narcissine isolated from Crocus sativus L. belonging to Iridaceae family. It was studied the effect of narcissine isolated from the plant on ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoKATP-channel) activity in rat cardiac mitochondria. Animals of experimental group were divided into 4 groups: I control group (healthy), II experimental group (ischemia model), III experiment group (ischemia + narcissin), IV experimental group (ischemia + SFL). In rats with ischemia a 0.1 ml 0.1% solution of 100 mg/kg adrenaline was administered subcutaneously and peritoneally for 3 days in relative to body weight. The rats that underwent the ischemia model were given oral administration of 10 mg/kg of narcissine flavonoid to group III and 10 mg/kg of SFL flavonoid to group IV orally for 7 days. After that, in the experimental animals carried out electrocardiogram. Mitochondria from rat heart tissue were isolated by differential centrifugation. Cardiac mitoKATP-channel activity in the presence of ATP in an incubation medium was studied at concentrations of 10–50 μM of SFL and narcissine. Concentrations of 50 μM of SFL and narcissus and 30 μM of diazoxide were also found to have an activating effect on the mitochondrial channel of the heart. In the adrenaline-induced ischemia model, it was found that narcissine and SFL flavonoids restored the mitochondrial conduction permeability of the rat heart.
Abstract: In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments, it was studied soforaflavonozide (SFL) isolated from Alhagi canescens (Regel) B. Keller & Shap (Fabaceae (Leguminosae)), and narcissine isolated from Crocus sativus L. belonging to Iridaceae family. It was studied the effect of narcissine isolated from the plant on ATP-dependent potassium channel (mi...
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Altered Glycemic Status Modulates Gastrointestinal Motility in Male Wistar Rats
Odukanmi Olugbenga Adeola
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
49-54
Received:
23 March 2022
Accepted:
7 April 2022
Published:
26 April 2022
Abstract: Glucose derangement is a common endocrine disorder affecting over 463 million worldwide. Its attending complications on the gastrointestinal motility in altered glycemic states were investigated. Forty-five male Wistar rats were grouped into 3 (n=15/group): Group 1- Control, Group 2- Diabetes, Group 3- Postprandial hyperglycemia. The 15 rats per group were sub-grouped into 3 of 5 rats each. Each sub-group determined gastric emptying, intestinal propulsion, and colonic motility. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal 150 mg/kg alloxan and the postprandial received an oral D - glucose load of 2 g/kg. Before the commencement of each experimental procedure, rats in all groups fasted for 18 hours and blood glucose concentration was assessed by the glucose oxidase method after 45 min of onset of the experiment. The mean ± SEM of data were subjected to one-way ANOVA analysis and values of p<0.05 were considered significant. There was a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose level (mmol/L) in rats of control (3.64 ± 0.10) compared with the diabetic (31.94 ± 2.38). The percentage of gastric emptying in the control decreased significantly compared with the diabetics. The percentage of intestinal propulsion in the control (42.14 ± 3.14) increased significantly compared with the diabetic (7.43 ± 1.05) and significantly decrease when compared with the postprandial (72.91 ± 5.47). There colonic motility time in the control decreased significantly compared with the diabetic. Diabetes promotes delay in the different motility examined while the postprandial group supported intestinal propulsion. Further work should focus on identifying the mechanism involved.
Abstract: Glucose derangement is a common endocrine disorder affecting over 463 million worldwide. Its attending complications on the gastrointestinal motility in altered glycemic states were investigated. Forty-five male Wistar rats were grouped into 3 (n=15/group): Group 1- Control, Group 2- Diabetes, Group 3- Postprandial hyperglycemia. The 15 rats per gr...
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Outcome of Plate Augmentation in Management of Tibial Nonunion After Intramedullary Nailing
Haytham Hemeda,
Osama Essawy
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022
Pages:
55-57
Received:
28 March 2022
Accepted:
18 April 2022
Published:
26 April 2022
Abstract: Background: Despite the multitude of studies on non union no clear criterion has been established for declaring a fracture as non united. A diagnosis of non union is unjustified, however, until clinical or radiographic evidence shows that healing has ceased and that union is highly improbable. A fracture of the shaft of a long bone should not be considered a non union until at least 6 months after the injury. The incidence of non union in the long bone varies with each bone and with methods of treating acute fractures. More recently, the tibia probably is the most frequent site of non union. Nonunion following intramedullary fixation of tibial fractures is a challenge. Although reamed exchange nailing results are encouraging with union rates, exchange nailing could be extremely challenging due to situations when nail removal is difficult. Augmentation plates gained popularity in management of femoral nonunion with few reports in tibial nonunion. The aim of the current study is to present our results in augmentation plate in management of tibial nonunion with intramedullary nail. Patient and methods: From 2017 till 2021, 20 cases of nonunited tibial fractures fixed by IM nails was included. Augmentation plate without removing the nail in addition of autogenous iliac graft. Results: Union was obtained in all the cases (20 cases) in an average time of about 6.22 months (range 3-12 months). Complications are few included 3 casea of superficial infection and parasthesia at iliac graft site. Conclusion: Plate augmentation without removal of IM nail is a good option in management of aseptic nonunion tibia with excellent results and few complications.
Abstract: Background: Despite the multitude of studies on non union no clear criterion has been established for declaring a fracture as non united. A diagnosis of non union is unjustified, however, until clinical or radiographic evidence shows that healing has ceased and that union is highly improbable. A fracture of the shaft of a long bone should not be co...
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